What is Pericarditis?

Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause sharp chest pain and other symptoms, sometimes mimicking a heart attack. Understanding pericarditis is important for timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications.

Causes of Pericarditis

Pericarditis can be caused by a variety of factors including viral infections, bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, injury to the chest, or following heart surgery. In many cases, the exact cause remains unknown, termed idiopathic pericarditis.

Symptoms to Watch For

The hallmark symptom of pericarditis is a sharp, stabbing chest pain that often worsens when lying down or taking deep breaths and improves when sitting up or leaning forward. Other symptoms may include fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations.

Diagnosis of Pericarditis

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Doctors may use an electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect characteristic changes, echocardiography to visualize the pericardium and heart function, blood tests to identify inflammation or infection, and sometimes MRI or CT scans for detailed imaging.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the cause and severity of pericarditis. Most cases respond well to anti-inflammatory medications such as NSAIDs or colchicine. In bacterial cases, antibiotics are necessary. Severe or recurrent pericarditis may require corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive therapies. Rarely, surgical procedures such as pericardiectomy are needed.

Potential Complications

While many cases resolve without issue, pericarditis can lead to complications like pericardial effusion (fluid buildup), cardiac tamponade (pressure on the heart), or constrictive pericarditis (thickening and scarring). Prompt treatment is essential to prevent these serious outcomes.

Living with Pericarditis

Patients diagnosed with pericarditis should follow their healthcare provider’s recommendations closely, avoid strenuous activities during active inflammation, and attend regular follow-ups to monitor heart health. Lifestyle adjustments and managing underlying conditions can reduce recurrence risk.

When to Seek Medical Help

If you experience sudden, severe chest pain, especially if accompanied by shortness of breath, fainting, or palpitations, seek immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis and management can significantly improve outcomes.

Conclusion

Pericarditis is an often overlooked but important heart condition characterized by inflammation of the pericardium. Recognizing the symptoms, understanding the causes, and accessing appropriate treatment can help patients recover fully and maintain heart health. If you suspect pericarditis, consult a healthcare professional promptly.

Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.