What Is Cardiac Calcium Scoring?

Cardiac calcium scoring, also known as a coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, is a specialized imaging test that measures the amount of calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. These deposits are a sign of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque inside the arteries that can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle.

Why Is Calcium Scoring Important?

Calcium scoring helps identify individuals at risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) even before symptoms appear. The presence of calcium in the arteries suggests underlying plaque that could potentially lead to heart attacks or other cardiovascular events. This test provides valuable information that complements traditional risk factors like cholesterol levels, blood pressure, smoking, and family history.

How Is the Test Performed?

The test is non-invasive and uses a computed tomography (CT) scanner to capture detailed images of the heart. It typically takes about 10 minutes and does not require any special preparation. The scan detects and quantifies calcium deposits, generating a score that reflects the extent of coronary artery calcification.

Interpreting Your Calcium Score

• Score of 0: No detectable calcium, suggesting low risk of coronary artery disease.
• Score 1-99: Mild evidence of plaque; lifestyle changes and monitoring may be advised.
• Score 100-399: Moderate plaque buildup; further evaluation and preventive treatments are often recommended.
• Score 400 and above: Extensive plaque and higher risk for heart disease; aggressive management and possibly more testing may be necessary.

Who Should Consider Getting a Calcium Score?

This test is particularly useful for people with intermediate risk of heart disease where the decision to start preventive therapies such as statins is uncertain. It can also be beneficial for those with a family history of heart disease or other risk factors but no symptoms yet.

Benefits and Limitations

Benefits:

• Non-invasive and quick procedure
• Helps personalize cardiovascular risk assessment
• Can motivate lifestyle changes and adherence to treatment

Limitations:

• Does not detect soft (non-calcified) plaques that can also cause heart attacks
• Involves exposure to a small amount of radiation
• Not recommended for individuals with known heart disease or symptoms

How to Use Calcium Scoring Results

A calcium score is a tool to guide discussions between you and your healthcare provider. Depending on your score, your doctor might recommend lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, medications to control cholesterol and blood pressure, or further diagnostic testing.

Preventing Coronary Artery Disease Beyond Calcium Scoring

While calcium scoring provides valuable insight, maintaining heart health is a lifelong commitment. Key strategies include:

• Eating a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
• Engaging in regular physical activity
• Managing stress through relaxation techniques and mindfulness
• Avoiding tobacco products and limiting alcohol
• Controlling other health conditions like diabetes and hypertension

Conclusion

Cardiac calcium scoring is a powerful tool that offers a glimpse into the hidden risks of coronary artery disease. By identifying the presence and extent of arterial calcification, this test empowers individuals and healthcare providers to make informed decisions about heart health management. Speak with your cardiologist to see if calcium scoring might be right for you.

Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.